Occupational lung disease among Basotho ex-miners in a large outreach medical assessment programme

Background: Current initiatives in southern Africa to medically assess former migrant miners for silicosis and tuberculosis, including statutory and lawsuit derived compensation programmes, require burden of disease information. nObjective: To use clinical information collected on ex-miners examined at the Occupational Health Service Centre (OHSC) in Lesotho, operated under the Tuberculosis in Mining Sector in Southern Africa (TIMS) project, to measure the burden of lung disease and respiratory impairment. Methods: Demographic, occupational and medical history information, chest radiology, spirometry, GeneXpert testing for tuberculosis, and pulse oximetry outcomes were analysed, and descriptive summary measures calculated, in a group of ex-miners examined in 2017 and 2018. Results: The study sample comprised 2 758 Basotho former underground miners, with median age of 62 years and median length of service of 28 years. Among ex-gold miners (n = 2 678), disease prevalence was high: radiological tuberculosis (consistent with previous or current disease) 60.9%, silicosis 42.5%, HIV 30.7%, silicotuberculosis 25.7%, and current active tuberculosis 6.8%. Of those with tuberculosis diagnosed microbiologically, 6.7% had no radiological evidence of tuberculosis and 54.1% did not report cough. Conclusion: The findings have public health and compensation implications. There are large numbers of ex-miners with potentially compensable disease under both the statutory system and a settlement trust set up following litigation. This overlaps with a tuberculosis-HIV co-epidemic which requires screening and treatment for tuberculosis and HIV, and managing a considerable disability and care burden on families and the Lesotho health system. Coordinated planning and substantial resources are needed for these programmes to do justice to their mandates

The Profile of Indications for Radiography in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Universitas Academic Hospital; Bloemfontein

Introduction. Radiography is a key diagnostic tool in paediatric care. A pro-active approach (including the use of radiography) is required to ensure effective management of these patients. Taking into account the widely documented harmful effects of ionising radiation and the small organ masses of neonates; the number of radiographs that neonates receive during hospital admission is of particular concern. A reduction in radiation exposure tailored to specific indications would be advantageous. The aim of this study was therefore to establish a profile of indications for radiographs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Universitas Academic Hospital; Bloemfontein; South Africa.Methods. A retrospective; descriptive study was conducted over a 1-month period (8 September - 8 October 2010). Information was obtained from the online Medi-Tech system used to request radiographs.Results. A total of 469 radiographs were performed on 51 neonates. Twenty-seven male and 24 female neonates received 226 (48.2) and 243 (51.8) radiographs; respectively. The radiographs were classified into routine (91.9) and urgent (8.1). Chest radiographs were requested most frequently (59.5). The most commonly recorded indication was prematurity (37.1); followed by respiratory-related indications (28.5). The highest number of radiographs performed on a single neonate was 46. Conclusions. All radiographs were requested online; supporting the validity of the study with regard to the number of radiographs performed and their respective indications. A representative profile of indications was successfully obtained; which can assist with the implementation of further research on the stratification of radiation exposure according to indications for radiographs